05.+Thermal+Energy+and+States+of+Matter

﻿ Welcome to the " T﻿hermal Energy and States of Matter" WikiPage    The study of heat transformations into other forms of energy is called Thermodynamics﻿﻿. The first form of thermodynamics was when engineers in the 18th century built steam engines. These steam engines were used to power trains and factories, which made the industrial revolution rise throughout Europe and United States. Thermodynamics have been around since the 1800's but it wasn't until 1900 that engineers discovered that thermodynamics was linked to the motions of atoms and molecules in solids, liquids and gases. Engineers uses the rules of thermodynamics to create higher performance refrigerators, automobile engines and aircraft engines.

**__//Things we use everyday that use thermal energy//__**

 * ====Anything that a temperature increases uses thermal energy: such as a heater, an oven even a blow dyer or refrigerators. ====
 * ====We use Solar thermal energy to power cars and stop sign and blinking lights are around our community. ====
 * ====Solar thermal energy makes it cheaper for the town because electricity is powered by the sun so its free. ====

**//__Heat and Temperature __//**

 * ====__ ﻿ __Temperature- is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles in a particular object or substance. Example: A ring is heated up when it is hot the particles in it are moving super fast. But when its cooled the rings particles are moving super slow. ====
 * ====Thermal Energy- is the total of all of the kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in an object. ====
 * ====Thermal energy Relationships- A)As the heat or temperature increases so does thermal energy because all the Kinetic energy particles in an object are speeding up moving faster. B)Even if the temperature of the object does not change the thermal energy in a larger object is higher because of the total measure of energy. ====
 * ====Heat-A) is the moving of thermal energy from one object to another.B) Heat always travels from hotter to colder objects. C) Example Ice gets warmer while hand gets colder. ====
 * ====Some things cool down or heat up quicker than others, such as land and water. Land heats up and cools down quicker than water does. ====

//__**Heat and the Flow of Thermal Energy**__ ﻿ //
 * ====When two objects make contact with one another they make heat. ====
 * ====First method of thermal energy is If you place the end of a metal rod into a burning fire, the hot gas particles from the fire conduct heat into the rod. The other end of the rod also becomes warm within a certain amount of time. Heat is conducted because the particles in the rod are in direct contact with each other. ====
 * ====<span style="color: #050505; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The second method of Thermal energy can take place even if the particles in an object are not in direct contact with one another. Example of this is boiling water.Heat flows between the rising hot water and the descending cold water. ====
 * ====The third and final method is different from the previous two, this one doesn't depend on the presence of matter.The sun warms the earth from over 150 millions miles km away via radiation,. These waves carry the energy from the hot sun through the vaccum of space to the much cooler earth.====


 * Heat Transfer Q=//m// CDeltaT = mC (T ﻿f -T ﻿i )**

Heat transfer is equal to the mass of an object times the specific heat of the object times the difference between the final and initial temperatures.

 * Conservation of Energy E a +E ﻿b Constant**

In an isolated, closed system, the thermal energy of object A plus the thermal energy of object B is constant.
Question: It takes 2600 J of heat to raise the temperature of 2kg of lead from 20degreesC to 30degreesC. What is the specific heat of lead? Answer: Units of Specific Heat are:
 * Basic heat problem**

Joules / (kg * degrees K)

2600 / (2 kg * 10 degrees) = 130 J/kg*K

**6.) How is the thrid method of thermal energy different?**
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">First law of thermodynamics: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">The particles in boiling water are moving very fast. ** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> ==<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Thermal energy is the energy created by moving particles inside a substance. ==
 * 7.) whats the main source of thermal energy?**
 * 8.) what moves rapidly through metal?**
 * 9.) what happens when you rub your hands together?**
 * Energy and matter are interchangable but cannot be created or destroyed. The total amount of energy in the whole universe remains constant, only changing from one form to another.**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">more movement of particles = more thermal energy **

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