Reflection+and+Refraction+2

** REFLECTION & REFRACTION **

**1.** **__ Specular Reflection __** **- A reflection produced by a smooth surface in which parallel light rays are reflected in parallel.** **2.** **__ Diffuse Reflection __** **- A scattered, fuzzy reflection produced by a rough surface.** **3.** **__ Plane Mirror __** **- A flat, smooth surface from which light is reflected by regular reflection, producing a virtual image that is the same size as the object, has the same orientation, and is the same distance from the mirror as the object.** **4.** **__ Object __** **- A luminous or illuminated source of light rays that are to be reflected by a mirrored surface.** **5.** **__ Image __** **- The combination of image points in a plane mirror from which the reflected object seems to originate.** **6.** **__ Virtual Image __** **- The image formed of diverging light rays; is always on the opposite side of the mirror from the object.** **7.** **__ Index of Refraction __** **- For a medium, is the ratio of the speed of light in a vaccum to the speed of light in that medium. (no unit of measure)** **8.** **__ Snell's Law of Refraction __** **- States that the product of the index of refraction of a medium and the sine(sin) of the angle of incidence equals the product of the index of refraction of a second medium and the sine(sin) of the angle of refraction.** **9.** **__ Critical Angle __** **- The certain angle of incidence in which the refracted light ray lies along the boundary between two media. (degrees)** **10.** **__ Total Internal Reflection __** **- Occurs when light traveling through an area with a higher index of refraction to an area with a lower index of refraction hits a boundary at an angle that exceeds the critical angle and all light reflects back nto the area with the higher index of refraction.** **11.** **__ Dispersion __** **- The seperation of white light into a spectrum of colors by such means as a glass prism or water droplets in the atmosphere.** **12.** **__ Concave Lens __** **- A diverging lens, thinner at its middle than at its edges, that spread out light rays passing through it when surrounded by material with a lower index of refraction, produces a smaller, virtual, upright image.** **13.** **__ Principal Axis __** **- A straight line perpendicular to the surface of a mirror that divides the mirror in half.** **14.** **__ Focal Point __** **- The point where incidental light rays that are parallel to the principal axis converge after reflecting from the mirror.** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**15.** **__ Focal Length __** **- The position of the focal point with respect to the mirror along the principal axis.** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**16.** **__ Real Image __** **- An inverted optical image that is smaller than the object and is formed by the converging of light rays.** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**17.** **__ Spherical Aberration __** **- The image defect of a spherical mirror that does not allow parallel light rays far from the principal axis to converge at the focal point, and produces an image that is fuzzy, not sharp.** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**18.** **__ Magnification __** **- The amount that an image is enlarged or reduced in size, relative to the object.** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**19.** **__ Convex Mirror __** **- A mirror that reflects light from its outwardly curving surface and produces an upright, reduced, virtual image.** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**20.****__ Lens __** **- A piece of transparent material, such as glass or plastic used to focus light and form an image.** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**21.** **__ Convex Lens __** **- A converging lens, thicker at its center than at its edges so the rays meet at a point when surrounded by material with a lower index of refraction; can produce a smaller,inverted, real image, or a larger, upright, virtual image.** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**22.****__ Concave Mirror __** **- A mirror that reflects light from its inwardly curving surface and can produce either an upright, virtual image or an inverted, real image.** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**23.** **__ Thin Lens Equation __** **- States that the inverse of the focal length of a spherical lens equals the sum of the inverse of the image position and the object position.** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**24.** **__ Chromatic Observation __** **- A spherical lens defect in which light passing through a lens is focused at different points, causing an object viewed through a lens to seem to be ringed with color.** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**25.** **__ Achromatic Lens __** **- A combination of two or more lenses with different indices of refraction (such as a concave lens with a convex lens) that is used to maximize a chromatic aberration.** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**26.** **__ Nearsightedness __** **- A vision defect in which a person cannot see distant objects clearly because images are focused in front of the retina; can be corrected with a concave lens.** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**27.** **__ Farsightedness __** **- A vision defect in which a person cannot see close objects because images are focused behind the retina; can be corrected with a convex lens.**
 * Vocabulary(Key Terms)**

<span style="color: #009999; display: block; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">** ﻿ Rays of Light(Reflection)**

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 * <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">[[image:http://www.myschoolhouse.com/courses/c/6/Images/surfaces.gif align="center" caption="Light Reflection"]]
 * <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Light Reflection ||

<span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**- Reflection occurs when light bounces off objects. How much reflection depends upon how even the surface is. If the surface is rough, the light scatters. If the surface is smooth and flat, the light will bounce off it at equal angles.**

<span style="color: #009999; display: block; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**Concave & Convex Lenses** || || || <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**-Refraction occurs because light bends. A lens is a piece of** **see-through** **material. It is usually made of glass and has at least one curved surface. Look at the convex and concave lenses** **above. The curved surface of a lens bends the light.**
 * <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">[[image:http://www.myschoolhouse.com/courses/c/6/Images/lenses.gif width="222" height="264" align="center" caption="Convex & Concave Lenses"]]
 * <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Convex & Concave Lenses ||
 * <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">[[image:http://www.myschoolhouse.com/courses/c/6/Images/convex.gif width="298" height="264" align="center" caption="Convex Lens"]]
 * <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Convex Lens ||
 * <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">[[image:http://www.myschoolhouse.com/courses/c/6/Images/concave.gif width="279" height="264" align="center" caption="Concave Lens"]]
 * <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Concave Lens ||

<span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 300%;">** ﻿ The Law of Reflection **  <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 220%;">** ﻿ ** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 115%;">The law of reflection states that the [|angle of incidence] is equal to the [|angle of reflection].

<span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">The angles are: <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">
 * <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">The angle at which the object hits the flat surface is called the //angle of incidence// (I).
 * <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">The angle at which it rebounds from the flat surface is called the //angle of reflection// (R).

**<span style="color: #009999; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 300%; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">Real World Applications **


 * <span style="color: #009999; font-size: 130%; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">> Contact Lenses **

<span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in;">** Contact lenses create the same results as eyeglasses do. These small thin lenses are placed directly on the cornea. A thin layer of tears between the cornes and lens keeps the lens in place. Most of the refraction occurs at the air-lens surface, where the difference in indices of refraction is greatest. ** <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in;">

<span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%;"> **>Vehicles** Many cars and trucks have convex spherical rearview mirrors on the passenger side mirror. These provide wide- angle views for the drivers, at the price of making objects appear farther away than they really are.

<span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">**

Examples of Concave and Convex Lenses: <span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">

<span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif';"> - <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Convex: The backside of a spoon - <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Concave: The inside of a spoon <span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">

10 Questions: <span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif';">

<span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">**Bibliography** "Reflection & Refraction." //My Schoolhouse//. N.p., 2011. Web. 28 Apr 2011. <[]>.