11.+Reflection+and+Refraction

 **REFLECTION & REFRACTION **

**Vocabulary(Key Terms) ** **1. ****__Specular Reflection __**** - A reflection produced by a smooth surface in which parallel light rays are reflected in parallel. ** **2. ****__Diffuse Reflection __**** - A scattered, fuzzy reflection produced by a rough surface. ** **3. ****__Plane Mirror __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - A flat, smooth surface from which light is reflected by regular reflection, producing a virtual image that is the same size as the object, has the same orientation, and is the same distance from the mirror as the object. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">4. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Object __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - A luminous or illuminated source of light rays that are to be reflected by a mirrored surface. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">5. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Image __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - The combination of image points in a plane mirror from which the reflected object seems to originate. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">6. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Virtual Image __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - The image formed of diverging light rays; is always on the opposite side of the mirror from the object. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">7. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Index of Refraction __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - For a medium, is the ratio of the speed of light in a vaccum to the speed of light in that medium. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">8. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Snell's Law of Refraction __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - States that the product of the index of refraction of a medium and the sine(sin) of the angle of incidence equals the product of the index of refraction of a second medium and the sine(sin) of the angle of refraction. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">9. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Critical Angle __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - The certain angle of incidence in which the refracted light ray lies along the boundary between two media. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">10. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Total Internal Reflection __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - Occurs when light traveling through an area with a higher index of refraction to an area with a lower index of refraction hits a boundary at an angle that exceeds the critical angle and all light reflects back nto the area with the higher index of refraction. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">11. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Dispersion __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - The seperation of white light into a spectrum of colors by such means as a glass prism or water droplets in the atmosphere. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">12. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Concave Lens __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - A diverging lens, thinner at its middle than at its edges, that spread out light rays passing through it when surrounded by material with a lower index of refraction, produces a smaller, virtual, upright image. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">13. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Principal Axis __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - A straight line perpendicular to the surface of a mirror that divides the mirror in half. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">14. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Focal Point __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - The point where incidental light rays that are parallel to the principal axis converge after reflecting from the mirror. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">15. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Focal Length __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - The position of the focal point with respect to the mirror along the principal axis. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">16. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Real Image __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - An inverted optical image that is smaller than the object and is formed by the converging of light rays. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">17. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Spherical Aberration __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - The image defect of a spherical mirror that does not allow parallel light rays far from the principal axis to converge at the focal point, and produces an image that is fuzzy, not sharp. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">18. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Magnification __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - The amount that an image is enlarged or reduced in size, relative to the object. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">19. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Convex Mirror __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - A mirror that reflects light from its outwardly curving surface and produces an upright, reduced, virtual image. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">20. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Lens __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - A piece of transparent material, such as glass or plastic used to focus light and form an image. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">21. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Convex Lens __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - A converging lens, thicker at its center than at its edges so the rays meet at a point when surrounded by material with a lower index of refraction; can produce a smaller,inverted, real image, or a larger, upright, virtual image. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">22. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Concave Mirror __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - A mirror that reflects light from its inwardly curving surface and can produce either an upright, virtual image or an inverted, real image. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">23. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Thin Lens Equation __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - States that the inverse of the focal length of a sperical lens equals the sum of the inverse of the image position and the object position. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">24. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Chromatic Observation __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - A spherical lens defect in which light passing through a lens is focused at different points, causing an object viewed through a lens to seem to be ringed with color. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">25. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Achromatic Lens __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - A combination of two or more lenses with different indices of refraction (such as a concave lens with a convex lens) that is used to maximize a chromatic aberration. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">26. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Nearsightedness __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - A vision defect in which a person cannot see distant objects clearly because images are focused in front of the retina; can be corrected with a concave lens. ** <span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">27. ****__<span style="background: yellow; color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">Farsightedness __****<span style="color: teal; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;"> - A vision defect in which a person cannot see close objects because images are focused behind the retina; can be corrected with a convex lens. **

<span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">**<span style="color: #008080; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">﻿ Rays of Light(Reflection)**




 * <span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt;">- Reflection occurs when light bounces off objects. How much reflection depends upon how even the surface is. If the surface is rough, the light scatters. If the surface is smooth and flat, the light will bounce off it at equal angles. **

<span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">**Concave & Convex Lenses** <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
 * <span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">-Refraction occurs because light bends. A lens is a piece of ****<span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">see-through ****<span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">material. It is usually made of glass and has at least one curved surface. Look at the convex and concave lenses ****<span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt;">above. The curved surface of a lens bends the light. **

<span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">

<span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> ﻿ <span style="color: #009999; font-family: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">**Bibliography** <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: left;"> ﻿"Reflection & Refraction." //My Schoolhouse//. N.p., 2011. Web. 28 Apr 2011. <http://www.myschoolhouse.com/courses/O/1/36.asp>. <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: left;">